Rachianesthésie en ambulatoire au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Andrainjato Fianarantsoa, Madagascar: tolérance et efficacité / Ambulatory spinal anaesthesia at the Andrainjato University Hospital of Fianarantsoa, Madagascar: tolerance and effectiveness

La rachianesthésie ambulatoire est une des méthodes d'anesthésies loco- régionales de plus en plus utilisées car permet une réhabilitation précoce. L'objectif de l'étude est d'évaluer la tolérance et l'efficacité de la rachianesthésie réalisée en ambulatoire. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective, analytique réalisée au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Andrainjato Fianarantsoa pendant cinq ans (du mois de janvier 2016 au mois de décembre 2020). La tolérance de la rachianesthésie était évaluée par la fréquence et la gravité des incidents peropératoires et complications postopératoires. Son efficacité était estimée par le taux de sortie le jour de l'intervention et la ré-hospitalisation. Résultats : Soixante-quatre patients âgés de 44 [14-85] ans ont bénéficié d'une chirurgie viscérale, gynécologique, traumatologique ou vasculaire sous rachianesthésie. L'hypotension artérielle (n=04) et les nausées et vomissements peropératoires (n = 01) étaient les incidents retrouvés. Les complications postopératoires étaient la céphalée (n = 13), la douleur postopératoire d'intensité modérée à intense (n = 05) et les nausées et vomissements (n = 02). L'âge supérieur à 50 ans (p = 0,012) et une dose supérieure à 12 mg de bupivacaïne (p = 0,011) étaient corrélés à l'hypotension artérielle peropératoire. Le genre féminin (p = 0,004) et l'utilisation de la bupivacaïne hyperbare (p = 0,027) étaient associés aux complications postopératoires. Tous ces patients étaient sortis le jour même de l'intervention sans ré-hospitalisation. Conclusion : La rachianesthésie ambulatoire connaît actuellement un grand essor dans la pratique anesthésique. La prévention de certaines complications devrait être systématique afin d'optimiser sa tolérance et son efficacité

La chirurgie ambulatoire en orthopédie et traumatologie: expériences du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Morafeno Toamasina / mbulatory surgery in orthopedics and traumatology: experiences of the University Hospital Morafeno Toamasin

Introduction : Plus qu'un défi ou un enjeu, la chirurgie ambulatoire, constitue pour les pays en voies de développement une opportunité d'accroître l'accès aux soins. Elle est un concept d'organisation centrée sur le malade, basée sur la sélection des patients et des actes chirurgicaux afin d'assurer une qualité et une sécurité maximale de soins. Objectifs : Partager les résultats de notre expérience sur la chirurgie ambulatoire en orthopédie traumatologie et de déterminer les difficultés rencontrées lors de sa mise en place. Matériels et Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une étude prospective, descriptive et observationnelle allant de janvier 2018 au janvier 2019 (12 mois) réalisée au CHU Morafeno Toamasina. Résultats: Au total, 108 patients ont été retenus. Les interventions réglées étaient réalisées chez 82,40% des patients contre 17,59% d'urgences traumatologiques. L'âge moyen des patients était de 32 ans ± 8,6 ans avec une prédominance masculine (sex ratio:3,9) . Le type d'intervention réalisé était dominé par les ablations de matériels d'ostéosynthèses avec un taux de 25,92%, suivies des tentatives de réduction orthopédique de fractures dans 22,22 % des cas. Le type d'anesthésie la plus pratiquée était l'anesthésie locorégionale (52,77%). Les évènements en postopératoire étaient dominés par l'insomnie (4,62%), la céphalée (2,77 %), les nausées et vomissements (5,55%) et les hématomes (3,70%). Soixante-douze virgule deux pour cent des patients déclaraient satisfaits de leur prise en charge. Conclusion: Le développement extensif de la chirurgie ambulatoire est basé sur la sélection des patients à qui l'on propose ce type de prise en charge. Elle présente un enjeu majeur en matière de restructuration et d'amélioration de l'offre de soins en chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie

Day case surgery in Nigeria

Patient care in Nigeria is mostly government funded; from primary to tertiary levels; with little contribution from private sector and non-governmental organizations. Healthcare provision has become more complex and expensive partly due to increasing population; aging; and frequent cancellations of electives; but also due to the increasing emergence of new diseases; as well as shrinkage of resources in many developing countries like Nigeria; resulting from recent economic downturn; and political instability. Therefore; it is important to introduce and popularize the concept of day case surgery; as this may help hospitals and healthcare providers to streamline resources by reducing length of hospital stay; decreasing morbidity and mortality; and providing valuable bed services to emergencies. It also helps to reduce time lost away from work and indirectly helps to decrease loss of revenue for the individual and state. Many hospitals in Nigeria provide day care services with patients admitted to the general surgical wards; and no dedicated day surgery units (DSUs); as currently practised in developed countries. DSUs are the best way to achieve results and so it is important for all to embrace this concept in order to improve healthcare delivery to the rapidly expanding populations. A systematic search of the current published literature was carried out to look for articles related to day case surgery (day care or day surgery) in Nigeria and to examine some published articles in relation to the surgical subspecialities; with a view to highlighting current practice in Nigeria and how it conforms to ideal practice elsewhere. Recommendations and suggestions are made on how to implement and popularize this concept in our hospitals

Pediatric day case surgery: Experience from a tertiary health institution in Nigeria

Background : The general observation that children achieve better convalescence in the home environment supports the need for adoption of day case surgery, which is gaining considerable acceptance in developing countries. Pediatric surgical service is in great demand in developing countries, and in-patient beds and surgical supplies are insufficient. Method : A prospective collection of data on all pediatric day surgeries (PDSs) by the pediatric surgical unit University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH, Ilorin, was done. Parents had pre-operative outpatient briefing and postoperative interviews on the second and ninth days for consultation regarding post-operative complications and events at home. Study period was between April 2005 and September 2007 (2½ years). Results : Of the 660 elective cases, 449 (68.02%) children were recruited as day cases. The male-to-female ratio was 14.3:1. Age ranged between 20 days and 15 years with a mean of 37.6 months and standard deviation (SD) of 34.4 months. Congenital hernias/ hydroceles were the highest indications (71.2%), followed by lump/ masses (12.9%), undescended testes (8.7%), umbilical hernias (4.8%) and thyroglossal duct cyst (2.5%). In 98.9% of cases, the parents resided within 20 km radius of the hospital, and 91.5% of them could reach the hospital within 1 hour. Fathers and mothers of 80.1% and 77.1% of children, respectively, had above-primary education. More than half of the fathers (55%) were civil servants, while 30% were self-employed. The mothers were civil servants in 37.3% of cases, and 34% were self-employed. The average number of outpatient clinic visits before surgery was 2-3 visits (41.2%) with mean interval to surgery of 4-5 weeks (60.3%). Logistics (investigations and availability of operation list) and patient's fitness for surgery were statistically significant delay factors (P= 0.001). Conclusion : Parents reported 14 children to be irritable at home due to pain, while the others reported satisfactory day case experience. No unplanned admission or mortality was recorded, and only 3 (0.8%) parents would not recommend day case surgery to other people. Conclusion: Pediatric day case surgery is feasible for well-selected and monitored cases in our environment. Term neonates with informed parents are suitable for pediatric day case surgery. There is a need for a day case center to reduce waiting list at UITH

Urologic day-care surgery : scope and problems in a developing country

Objective Due to the numerous economic and social benefits associated with the practice of day-care surgery; it is gaining widespread acceptance worldwide and across all specialties. We therefore determined the spectrum of procedures and the difficulties faced during implementation of day-care urologic surgery in a tertiary-care center in Nigeria. Patients and Methods This was a prospective study of all consecutive urologic day cases seen at the urology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital; Nigeria; from January 2003 to December 2004. A total of 270 patients aged between 2 weeks and 100 years (median 55 years) with a male to female ratio of 14:1 were seen during the study period. The parameters studied were the presenting symptoms; diagnosis; treatment modalities; anesthesia; complications and whether or not the patients were converted to be in-patients or readmitted after discharge as well as the reasons for such conversion or readmission. The statistical analysis was done using the Epi-info 2004 system; version 3.2.2. Results The main conditions seen were urethral stricture in 89 (32.5) patients; benign prostatic hyperplasia in 86 (31.8); carcinoma of the prostate in 26 (9.6); carcinoma of bladder in 15 (5.6) and male infertility in 10 (3.7) patients. The procedures carried out were mainly urethroscopy/ urethrocystoscopy in 103 (38.2) patients; visual internal urethrotomy in 48 (17.8) and trucut prostatic biopsy in 33 (12.2) patients. Sedation was used in 142 (52.9); sedation and local anesthesia in 53 (19.7); local anesthesia alone in 9 (3.3); general anesthesia in 22 (8.1) and other combinations or omissions in entry in 41 (15.2) patients. Circumcision was performed on 3 neonates (1.1) without anesthesia. There was a cancellation rate of 15.6(n=42) mainly due to the inability of the patients to come (24 patients; 57.1); inadequate materials in the theatre (9 patients; 21.4); power failure (4 patients; 9.5); strike action (3 patients; 7.1) and financial difficulties (2 patients; 4.8). We had a conversion rate to in-patients of 1.9(n=5) for various reasons. No further complications or readmissions after discharge were encountered. Conclusion Urethrocystoscopy is the most frequently performed procedure and urethral stricture the most common diagnosis in our day practice. Cancellation of cases and conversion to in-patients remain our major challenges. The education of patients and physicians; as well as the provision of adequate material and infrastructure are recommended in order to provide the maximum benefit from urologic day-surgery practice

The management of post-polio contractures with simple surgical procedures and cheap locally-made orthoses

Two hundred and eighteen patients treated surgically for post-polio contractures between 1991 and 1993 are reviewed. Ages ranged from 3 to 26 years and there was a slight male predominance. Patient's disabilities ranged from walking witha limp (81) to crawling (137). The surgery performed included percutaneous soft tissue releales; corrective osteotomies and triple arthrodesis. Rehabilitation was by physical therapy and fitting patients with locally manafactured callipers; boots and in a few cases; corsets. In 90of patients the quality of life was markedly improved. The disability from post-polio contractures was considerably reduced by the use of relatively simple surgical procedures and affordable locally manufactured orthoses despite climited manpower; resources and facilities